英検準1級 重要単語

収録単語 (638)

• last🔊★★★
  続く、持続する、(天候・体力・食品などが)持ちこたえる
• affect🔊★★★
  に影響を及ぼす；を感動させる
• claim🔊★★★
  と主張する；を（自分のものとして）要求する
• ship🔊★★★
  を出荷する、を輸送する
• issue🔊★★★
  問題（点）；発行（物）；発表
• purchase🔊★★★
  を購入する
• occur🔊★★★
  起こる；心に浮かぶ；現れる
• deal🔊★★★
  を処理する；を商う；を分配する
• consume🔊★★★
  を消費する；を食べる，飲む
• present🔊★★★
  を提示する、を進呈する
• fire🔊★★★
  を解雇する、を首にする
• regard🔊★★★
  を見なす；を見る；を評価する
• fine🔊★★★
  に罰金を科す
• transfer🔊★★★
  を移す；を伝える；移る；乗り換える
• decline🔊★★★
  減少する；衰退する；を断る
• eliminate🔊★★★
  を取り除く
• indicate🔊★★★
  を指し示す；を述べる
• ensure🔊★★★
  を確実にする（≒make sure）；を守る
• expand🔊★★★
  （を）拡大する；（を）詳説する
• address🔊★★★
  （問題など）に対処する；に演説する；（手紙など）を（～宛てに）出す（to）
• identify🔊★★★
  を特定する；を（～と）同一視する（with）
• construct🔊★★★
  を建設する（＝build）；を構成する
• invest🔊★★★
  （を）投資する；に（～を）与える（with）
• obtain🔊★★★
  を得る
• struggle🔊★★★
  闘い；懸命の努力
• counter🔊★★★
  ～と反論する、～に反対する
• associate🔊★★★
  を結び付けて考える；（～と）交際する（with）
• register🔊★★★
  を記録する，登録する；（～に）登録する（for）
• reveal🔊★★★
  を明らかにする；を見せる
• species🔊★★★
  （生物の）種；種類
• diet🔊★★★
  (日常の)食べ物、療養食
• site🔊★★★
  用地，場所；跡地；（ウェブ）サイト
• cell🔊★★★
  細胞；独房；電池
• facility🔊★★★
  施設，設備；機能；才能
• practice🔊★★★
  実践，実行；（社会の）慣習；練習
• resident🔊★★★
  居住者；滞在者
• option🔊★★★
  選択（の自由）；選択肢
• organ🔊★★★
  器官，臓器；組織；（パイプ）オルガン
• critic🔊★★★
  批判する人、批評家
• region🔊★★★
  地域；領域；部位
• tax🔊★★★
  税金、税
• access🔊★★★
  利用，入手；接近（の機会・方法・権利）
• virus🔊★★★
  ウイルス；（感染症の）病原体
• bill🔊★★★
  請求書；【英】勘定書（≒【米】check）；法案
• evidence🔊★★★
  証拠
• attempt🔊★★★
  を試みる，企てる
• account🔊★★★
  説明；勘定；口座
• theory🔊★★★
  学説；理論；原理；推測
• factor🔊★★★
  要因、要素
• stock🔊★★★
  在庫品；蓄え；株
• chemical🔊★★★
  化学の，化学的な
• media🔊★★★
  マスメディア、マスコミ
• income🔊★★★
  収入；所得
• supply🔊★★★
  を供給する
• shortage🔊★★★
  不足、欠如
• poverty🔊★★★
  貧困、欠乏
• criminal🔊★★★
  犯人、犯罪者
• budget🔊★★★
  予算；経費
• authority🔊★★★
  〔通例 the ～ties〕（関係）当局；権威；権限
• genome🔊★★★
  ゲノム
• atmosphere🔊★★★
  〔the ～〕大気；雰囲気
• aid🔊★★★
  を援助する，助ける（≒help）
• measure🔊★★★
  措置、程度、基準
• subject🔊★★★
  話題；科目；主題；被験者
• decade🔊★★★
  10年間
• weapon🔊★★★
  兵器，武器（≒arms）
• nutrient🔊★★★
  栄養分、栄養になるもの
• expense🔊★★★
  〔～s〕経費；費用；犠牲
• structure🔊★★★
  構造；体系；構造物
• adolescent🔊★★★
  青年
• procedure🔊★★★
  手順、手続き
• minimum🔊★★★
  最小限度
• fuel🔊★★★
  燃料；勢いを増加させるもの
• resource🔊★★★
  〔通例～s〕資源；〔通例～s〕資金；才覚
• regulation🔊★★★
  規則、規制
• contract🔊★★★
  契約（書）；協定
• insurance🔊★★★
  保険；保険料；保険金
• employment🔊★★★
  雇用、職
• ban🔊★★★
  を（法的に）禁止する；を締め出す
• vehicle🔊★★★
  車、(特に陸上の)乗り物、輸送機関、伝達手段
• soil🔊★★★
  土地，土壌；（悪事などの）温床
• cargo🔊★★★
  (主に船・飛行機の)積荷、貨物
• aircraft🔊★★★
  航空機、飛行機
• current🔊★★★
  現在の；現代の；通用している
• political🔊★★★
  政治（上）の
• significant🔊★★★
  重要な，重大な；意義深い
• effective🔊★★★
  効果的な、有効な
• military🔊★★★
  軍の，軍事（用）の
• due🔊★★★
  予定された；（支払）期日で；しかるべき
• essential🔊★★★
  （～に）必要不可欠な（to/for）；本質的な
• illegal🔊★★★
  違法の、非合法の
• immune🔊★★★
  （～に対して）免疫を持つ（to）；（～を）免れた（from）
• numerous🔊★★★
  非常に数の多い
• extreme🔊★★★
  極端な；極度の，過激な
• general🔊★★★
  全体の、一般的な
• agricultural🔊★★★
  農業の、農耕の
• overall🔊★★★
  総合的な；全体的な
• advocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  支持する、主張する（動詞）
  Environmental groups advocate for stricter regulations on carbon emissions.
• ambiguous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  曖昧な、不明確な（形容詞）
  The government's statement on the new policy was ambiguous and left many questions unanswered.
• amplitude🔊[noun]★★★
  振幅、大きさ（名詞）
  The amplitude of the sound wave determines how loud we perceive the noise.
• arbitrary🔊[adjective]★★★★
  恣意的な、根拠のない（形容詞）
  Critics argue that the judge's decision was arbitrary and lacked proper legal justification.
• ardent🔊[adjective]★★★
  熱心な、情熱的な（形容詞）
  She is an ardent supporter of renewable energy and dedicates her work to sustainable development.
• articulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  明確に表現する、流暢に話す（動詞）
  The CEO articulated the company's vision for the next decade during the annual meeting.
• ascertain🔊[verb]★★★★
  確認する、確かめる（動詞）
  The investigation aims to ascertain the true cause of the accident.
• assiduous🔊[adjective]★★★
  勤勉な、熱心な（形容詞）
  Through assiduous effort and dedication, the researcher finally made a breakthrough discovery.
• atrocity🔊[noun]★★★★
  残虐行為、暴虐（名詞）
  International organizations have condemned the atrocities committed during the conflict.
• augment🔊[verb]★★★★
  増加させる、強化する（動詞）
  The government plans to augment its defense budget in response to regional tensions.
• auspicious🔊[adjective]★★★
  幸先の良い、好ましい（形容詞）
  The auspicious economic indicators suggest that the recession may be ending soon.
• austere🔊[adjective]★★★★
  厳格な、質素な（形容詞）
  The austere economic policies imposed by the government caused widespread public discontent.
• authentic🔊[adjective]★★★★
  本物の、真正の（形容詞）
  Museums work hard to ensure that artifacts are authentic and properly preserved.
• avarice🔊[noun]★★★
  貪欲、強欲（名詞）
  The scandal revealed the avarice of corporate executives who prioritized profits over ethics.
• avid🔊[adjective]★★★★
  熱心な、強い関心を持つ（形容詞）
  An avid reader, she spends hours every day immersed in novels and academic texts.
• bandwidth🔊[noun]★★★
  帯域幅、対応能力（名詞）
  The company lacks the bandwidth to take on additional projects given their current workload.
• benign🔊[adjective]★★★★
  良性の、害のない（形容詞）
  The doctor assured the patient that the tumor was benign and posed no serious health risk.
• bilateral🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二国間の、相互的な（形容詞）
  The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement to strengthen economic cooperation.
• bolster🔊[verb]★★★★
  強化する、支える（動詞）
  The new research findings bolster the theory that climate change is accelerating.
• bourgeois🔊[adjective]★★★
  ブルジョア的な、中産階級の（形容詞）
  The novel critiques bourgeois values and the obsession with material wealth in modern society.
• bracketed🔊[adjective]★★
  括弧で囲まれた、グループ化された（形容詞）
  The age group bracketed between 18 and 35 shows the highest engagement on social media.
• brevity🔊[noun]★★★
  簡潔さ、短さ（名詞）
  Due to brevity, the executive summary failed to cover all important details of the report.
• bureaucracy🔊[noun]★★★★
  官僚機構、官僚制度（名詞）
  The bureaucracy involved in obtaining a visa can be lengthy and frustrating.
• cacophony🔊[noun]★★★
  耳障りな音、不協和音（名詞）
  The cacophony of sounds in the busy marketplace made it difficult to concentrate.
• calibrate🔊[verb]★★★★
  調整する、較正する（動詞）
  Scientists must calibrate their instruments carefully to ensure accurate measurements.
• candid🔊[adjective]★★★★
  率直な、ぶっきらぼうな（形容詞）
  In a candid interview, the politician admitted his mistakes and took responsibility.
• capitalism🔊[noun]★★★★
  資本主義（名詞）
  The debate on whether capitalism can address inequality continues to be relevant in modern economics.
• catalyst🔊[noun]★★★★
  触媒、きっかけ（名詞）
  Social media served as a catalyst for the revolution, enabling rapid communication among activists.
• categorical🔊[adjective]★★★★
  明確な、絶対的な（形容詞）
  The minister gave a categorical denial of the corruption allegations.
• caustic🔊[adjective]★★★
  辛辣な、腐食性の（形容詞）
  The critic's caustic remarks about the film sparked controversy among movie enthusiasts.
• censure🔊[verb]★★★★
  非難する、厳しく批判する（動詞）
  The international community moved to censure the country for its human rights violations.
• cerebral🔊[adjective]★★★
  知的な、脳の（形容詞）
  The film is a cerebral thriller that requires viewers to think carefully about the plot.
• certitude🔊[noun]★★★
  確実性、確信（名詞）
  She spoke with such certitude that everyone believed her account of the events.
• cessation🔊[noun]★★★★
  停止、終了（名詞）
  The cessation of hostilities between the two countries was celebrated as a victory for peace.
• chagrin🔊[noun]★★★
  悔しさ、心痛（名詞）
  Much to the team's chagrin, they lost the championship match in the final seconds.
• circumvent🔊[verb]★★★★
  回避する、かわす（動詞）
  The company attempted to circumvent environmental regulations by moving operations overseas.
• citation🔊[noun]★★★★
  引用、引用文（名詞）
  The research paper includes numerous citations from peer-reviewed academic journals.
• civic🔊[adjective]★★★★
  市民の、市政の（形容詞）
  Civic engagement and participation are essential for a healthy democracy.
• claustrophobic🔊[adjective]★★★
  閉所恐怖的な、窮屈な（形容詞）
  The small elevator gave her a claustrophobic feeling.
• clientele🔊[noun]★★★
  顧客層、得意先（名詞）
  The luxury hotel attracts a prestigious clientele from around the world.
• coalesce🔊[verb]★★★★
  合体する、一体になる（動詞）
  Different political groups coalesced to form a unified opposition against the government.
• codify🔊[verb]★★★★
  法典化する、体系化する（動詞）
  The new legislation aims to codify environmental protection standards into law.
• cogent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  説得力のある、確実な（形容詞）
  The lawyer presented a cogent argument that convinced the judge of her client's innocence.
• cognizant🔊[adjective]★★★★
  認識している、気づいている（形容詞）
  The committee is cognizant of the challenges faced by the organization.
• coherence🔊[noun]★★★★
  首尾一貫性、調和（名詞）
  The essay lacks coherence, with ideas presented in a disorganized manner.
• collateral🔊[noun]★★★★
  担保、付随的な（名詞・形容詞）
  Banks require collateral before they will approve a loan.
• colloquial🔊[adjective]★★★
  口語的な、日常会話の（形容詞）
  The speaker used colloquial language to make the presentation more relatable to the audience.
• collusion🔊[noun]★★★★
  共謀、ぐるになること（名詞）
  The investigation revealed collusion between the two companies to fix prices.
• commencement🔊[noun]★★★★
  開始、卒業式（名詞）
  The commencement ceremony celebrated the achievements of the graduating class.
• commendable🔊[adjective]★★★
  褒めるべき、称賛に値する（形容詞）
  The volunteers' commendable efforts in disaster relief earned widespread praise.
• commentary🔊[noun]★★★★
  解説、論評（名詞）
  The sports commentary provided detailed analysis of every play during the match.
• commingle🔊[verb]★★
  混ぜ合わせる、一緒になる（動詞）
  Different cultural traditions commingled in the multicultural city.
• commodities🔊[noun]★★★★
  商品、日用品（名詞）
  The price of commodities like oil and wheat has been volatile recently.
• complacency🔊[noun]★★★★
  自己満足、現状維持主義（名詞）
  The company's complacency led to its failure to adapt to market changes.
• complement🔊[verb]★★★★
  補完する、完全にする（動詞）
  The wine complements the dish perfectly, enhancing its flavors.
• complacent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  自己満足的な、現状に満足した（形容詞）
  The team became complacent after winning several matches and lost focus.
• complexity🔊[noun]★★★★
  複雑さ、複雑性（名詞）
  The complexity of modern economics requires specialized knowledge to understand.
• complicit🔊[adjective]★★★★
  共謀的な、暗に加担している（形容詞）
  The official was found complicit in the corruption scheme.
• composure🔊[noun]★★★★
  冷静さ、落ち着き（名詞）
  Despite the stressful situation, the manager maintained her composure and made rational decisions.
• compound🔊[noun]★★★★
  複合の、混合物（形容詞・名詞）
  The chemical compound consists of three different elements.
• comprehensive🔊[adjective]★★★★
  包括的な、詳細な（形容詞）
  The comprehensive report covers all aspects of the environmental impact.
• comprise🔊[verb]★★★★
  構成する、占める（動詞）
  Women comprise 40% of the workforce in the company.
• compromise🔊[verb]★★★★
  妥協する、折り合いをつける（動詞）
  After heated debates, both parties agreed to compromise on the contentious issue.
• compulsion🔊[noun]★★★
  強制、衝動（名詞）
  He felt a compulsion to check his emails every few minutes.
• unprecedented🔊[adj]★★★★
  前例のない（形容詞）
  The pandemic caused unprecedented economic disruption worldwide.
• advocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  支持する、主張する（動詞）
  Environmental groups advocate for stricter carbon emissions regulations.
• mitigate🔊[verb]★★★★
  軽減する、緩和する（動詞）
  Governments must mitigate climate change through renewable energy investment.
• ambiguous🔊[adj]★★★★
  曖昧な、不明確な（形容詞）
  The politician's statement was ambiguous and left room for multiple interpretations.
• susceptible🔊[adj]★★★★
  〜に感染しやすい、影響を受けやすい（形容詞）
  Children are more susceptible to infectious diseases than adults.
• resilience🔊[noun]★★★★
  回復力、復元力（名詞）
  The community showed remarkable resilience after the natural disaster.
• paramount🔊[adj]★★★★
  最高の、最も重要な（形容詞）
  Education is of paramount importance in developing nations.
• disparate🔊[adj]★★★★
  異なった、異質な（形容詞）
  The study combined disparate data from multiple sources.
• pragmatic🔊[adj]★★★★
  現実的な、実用的な（形容詞）
  We need a pragmatic approach to solving this complex problem.
• substantiate🔊[verb]★★★★
  実証する、裏付ける（動詞）
  The researcher needed to substantiate her claims with empirical evidence.
• inherent🔊[adj]★★★★
  固有の、生まれつきの（形容詞）
  Humans have an inherent desire for social connection.
• lucrative🔊[adj]★★★★
  利益の大きい、儲かる（形容詞）
  Tech startups have found lucrative opportunities in artificial intelligence.
• volatile🔊[adj]★★★★
  不安定な、変動しやすい（形容詞）
  Cryptocurrency markets remain highly volatile and unpredictable.
• ameliorate🔊[verb]★★★★
  改善する、よくする（動詞）
  New policies aim to ameliorate working conditions in factories.
• exacerbate🔊[verb]★★★★
  悪化させる、より深刻にする（動詞）
  Lack of investment will exacerbate the infrastructure crisis.
• coherent🔊[adj]★★★★
  一貫した、首尾一貫した（形容詞）
  The author's argument was logical and coherent throughout the essay.
• facilitate🔊[verb]★★★★
  促進する、容易にする（動詞）
  Technology facilitates communication across continents.
• detrimental🔊[adj]★★★★
  有害な、悪影響を及ぼす（形容詞）
  Pollution has a detrimental effect on aquatic ecosystems.
• contemplate🔊[verb]★★★★
  熟考する、思案する（動詞）
  The philosopher contemplated the nature of human existence.
• obscure🔊[adj]★★★★
  不明確な、曖昧な（形容詞）
  The document's obscure language made it difficult to understand.
• prudent🔊[adj]★★★★
  慎重な、思慮深い（形容詞）
  It would be prudent to save money for emergencies.
• bolster🔊[verb]★★★★
  支援する、強化する（動詞）
  International cooperation will bolster efforts to fight climate change.
• conceivable🔊[adj]★★★★
  考えられる、想像できる（形容詞）
  It is conceivable that artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence.
• intrinsic🔊[adj]★★★★
  本質的な、固有の（形容詞）
  Happiness has intrinsic value beyond material wealth.
• elicit🔊[verb]★★★★
  引き出す、言わせる（動詞）
  The interviewer tried to elicit honest responses from the candidates.
• emulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  模倣する、見習う（動詞）
  Many startups emulate the business model of successful companies.
• depict🔊[verb]★★★★
  描く、描写する（動詞）
  The film depicts the struggles of immigrants in modern society.
• consolidate🔊[verb]★★★★
  統合する、強固にする（動詞）
  The company consolidated its market position through strategic acquisitions.
• circumvent🔊[verb]★★★★
  回避する、突破する（動詞）
  Hackers found ways to circumvent the security system.
• scrutiny🔊[noun]★★★★
  精査、厳密な検査（名詞）
  The contract underwent careful scrutiny before approval.
• nominal🔊[adj]★★★★
  名目上の、わずかな（形容詞）
  He served as the nominal head of the organization while others made decisions.
• reciprocal🔊[adj]★★★★
  相互の、互恵的な（形容詞）
  International trade depends on reciprocal agreements between nations.
• tangible🔊[adj]★★★★
  具体的な、触知できる（形容詞）
  The project produced tangible results that improved the community.
• precarious🔊[adj]★★★★
  不安定な、危険な（形容詞）
  Many workers find themselves in precarious employment situations.
• nascent🔊[adj]★★★★
  初期段階の、芽生えた（形容詞）
  The renewable energy sector was nascent but growing rapidly.
• vindicate🔊[verb]★★★★
  正当化する、無罪を晴らす（動詞）
  New evidence vindicated the defendant after years of imprisonment.
• allocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  配分する、割り当てる（動詞）
  The government allocated funds to support renewable energy research.
• disparity🔊[noun]★★★★
  不等、差異（名詞）
  There is a growing disparity between rich and poor nations.
• articulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  明確に述べる（動詞）
  The speaker articulated her vision for educational reform eloquently.
• assuage🔊[verb]★★★★
  和らげる、慰める（動詞）
  The government's statement helped assuage public concerns about safety.
• fortuitous🔊[adj]★★★★
  幸運な、偶然の幸い（形容詞）
  It was fortuitous that we met at the conference.
• pragmatism🔊[noun]★★★★
  実用主義（名詞）
  The company adopted pragmatism in its approach to business challenges.
• symbiotic🔊[adj]★★★★
  共生的な（形容詞）
  The relationship between the two companies is symbiotic and mutually beneficial.
• prudence🔊[noun]★★★★
  慎重、思慮深さ（名詞）
  Financial prudence is essential in managing large investments.
• incite🔊[verb]★★★★
  扇動する、駆り立てる（動詞）
  The speech incited the crowd to action.
• amelioration🔊[noun]★★★★
  改善、改良（名詞）
  Amelioration of working conditions was the union's primary goal.
• redundant🔊[adj]★★★★
  冗長な、余分な（形容詞）
  The report contained redundant information that could have been condensed.
• indispensable🔊[adj]★★★★
  不可欠な、なくてはならない（形容詞）
  Clean water is indispensable for human survival.
• superfluous🔊[adj]★★★★
  余分な、無駄な（形容詞）
  The additional rules seemed superfluous and unnecessarily complicated.
• lucid🔊[adj]★★★★
  明確な、意識がはっきりした（形容詞）
  The author's lucid explanation made the complex theory easy to understand.
• cardinal🔊[adj]★★★★
  最も重要な、基本的な（形容詞）
  The cardinal principle of the organization is transparency.
• defunct🔊[adj]★★★★
  廃止された、機能していない（形容詞）
  The company is defunct after declaring bankruptcy last year.
• perpetuate🔊[verb]★★★★
  永続させる、続かせる（動詞）
  Traditional customs perpetuate cultural heritage from generation to generation.
• placate🔊[verb]★★★★
  なだめる、宥める（動詞）
  The manager attempted to placate angry customers with discounts.
• eradicate🔊[verb]★★★★
  根絶する、消滅させる（動詞）
  Public health campaigns aim to eradicate infectious diseases.
• ubiquitous🔊[adj]★★★★
  どこにでもある、遍在する（形容詞）
  Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.
• emancipate🔊[verb]★★★★
  解放する、自由にする（動詞）
  Education can emancipate people from poverty and ignorance.
• manifest🔊[verb]★★★★
  明らかに示す、表す（動詞）
  Her talent manifested itself early in her artistic career.
• imminent🔊[adj]★★★★
  迫った、今にも起こりそうな（形容詞）
  The imminent arrival of the hurricane forced evacuations.
• retaliate🔊[verb]★★★★
  報復する、やり返す（動詞）
  The country threatened to retaliate against trade restrictions.
• inert🔊[adj]★★★★
  不活発な、化学的に活性でない（形容詞）
  Inert gases are used in various industrial applications.
• cogent🔊[adj]★★★★
  説得力のある、確かな（形容詞）
  The lawyer presented cogent arguments that convinced the jury.
• nuance🔊[noun]★★★★
  微妙な違い、細かい点（名詞）
  Understanding the nuance of language is important for translation.
• sanguine🔊[adj]★★★★
  楽観的な、血色の良い（形容詞）
  Despite challenges, the team remained sanguine about future prospects.
• admonish🔊[verb]★★★★
  警告する、叱る（動詞）
  The teacher admonished the students for not completing their homework.
• profligate🔊[adj]★★★★
  浪費癖のある、放蕩的な（形容詞）
  The profligate spending of the company led to financial crisis.
• ostensible🔊[adj]★★★★
  見た目上の、名目上の（形容詞）
  The ostensible reason for the meeting was to discuss strategy.
• nascency🔊[noun]★★★★
  初期段階、芽生え（名詞）
  The nascency of the technology sector attracted numerous investors.
• belligerent🔊[adj]★★★★
  好戦的な、戦闘状態にある（形容詞）
  The belligerent nations refused to participate in peace negotiations.
• seclusion🔊[noun]★★★★
  隔離、孤立（名詞）
  The artist chose seclusion in the countryside to focus on creative work.
• refute🔊[verb]★★★★
  反論する、反証する（動詞）
  The scientist refuted the claims made in the previous study.
• conducive🔊[adj]★★★★
  役に立つ、有利な（形容詞）
  A quiet environment is conducive to concentration and learning.
• abstain🔊[verb]★★★★
  控える、棄権する（動詞）
  Many delegates abstained from voting on the controversial issue.
• indifferent🔊[adj]★★★★
  無関心な、どちらでもよい（形容詞）
  The company remained indifferent to public criticism of its practices.
• confluence🔊[noun]★★★★
  合流、集合（名詞）
  The confluence of multiple factors led to the company's success.
• stringent🔊[adj]★★★★
  厳格な、厳しい（形容詞）
  The regulations are stringent to ensure public safety.
• rectify🔊[verb]★★★★
  正す、是正する（動詞）
  The company took steps to rectify the errors in the report.
• opulent🔊[adj]★★★★
  贅沢な、豪華な（形容詞）
  The palace's opulent decorations reflected the wealth of the kingdom.
• candid🔊[adj]★★★★
  率直な、忌憚のない（形容詞）
  In the interview, the CEO was candid about the company's challenges.
• stipulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  規定する、条件をつける（動詞）
  The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
• incarcerate🔊[verb]★★★★
  投獄する、監禁する（動詞）
  The criminal was incarcerated for ten years for his crimes.
• pervasive🔊[adj]★★★★
  至るところにある、蔓延する（形容詞）
  The pervasive influence of social media affects young people worldwide.
• demean🔊[verb]★★★★
  貶める、品を落とす（動詞）
  The harsh criticism seemed designed to demean the artist's work.
• accrue🔊[verb]★★★★
  蓄積する、利息がつく（動詞）
  Interest accrues on savings accounts over time.
• exuberant🔊[adj]★★★★
  溌溂たる、陽気な（形容詞）
  The exuberant crowd celebrated the victory with enthusiasm.
• avert🔊[verb]★★★★
  回避する、そむける（動詞）
  Quick action by authorities helped avert a potential disaster.
• impartial🔊[adj]★★★★
  公平な、不偏的な（形容詞）
  A judge must remain impartial and fair in legal proceedings.
• consternation🔊[noun]★★★★
  驚き、当惑（名詞）
  The news of the layoffs caused consternation among employees.
• meticulous🔊[adj]★★★★
  細心の、綿密な（形容詞）
  The researcher conducted a meticulous analysis of the data.
• obfuscate🔊[verb]★★★★
  曖昧にする、混乱させる（動詞）
  The company tried to obfuscate the truth about its financial situation.
• propitious🔊[adj]★★★★
  幸先の良い、都合の良い（形容詞）
  The propitious timing of the announcement boosted investor confidence.
• sagacious🔊[adj]★★★★
  聡明な、賢い（形容詞）
  The sagacious leader made wise decisions during the crisis.
• placidity🔊[noun]★★★★
  静けさ、平静（名詞）
  The placidity of the lake reflected the surrounding mountains.
• abide🔊[verb]★★★★
  従う、守る（動詞）
  Companies must abide by environmental regulations.
• abolish🔊[verb]★★★★
  廃止する（動詞）
  The government decided to abolish the outdated law.
• abstract🔊[adjective]★★★★
  抽象的な（形容詞）
  Abstract art requires viewers to interpret the meaning themselves.
• abundance🔊[noun]★★★★
  豊富、大量（名詞）
  The region has an abundance of natural resources.
• academia🔊[noun]★★★★
  学問、学界（名詞）
  She spent her career in academia, publishing numerous research papers.
• accelerate🔊[verb]★★★★
  加速する、促進する（動詞）
  Technological innovation will accelerate economic growth.
• accredit🔊[verb]★★★
  認可する（動詞）
  The university was accredited by the international education board.
• accumulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  蓄積する、溜まる（動詞）
  Dust accumulates on surfaces that are not cleaned regularly.
• achieve🔊[verb]★★★★★
  達成する（動詞）
  She achieved her goal of becoming a doctor through hard work.
• acquire🔊[verb]★★★★
  獲得する、習得する（動詞）
  The company acquired a smaller firm to expand its market share.
• adamant🔊[adjective]★★★
  強硬な、譲らない（形容詞）
  The president remained adamant about his decision despite criticism.
• adapt🔊[verb]★★★★
  適応する、改変する（動詞）
  Species must adapt to changing environmental conditions to survive.
• adequate🔊[adjective]★★★★
  十分な、適切な（形容詞）
  The funding provided was adequate to complete the project.
• adjacent🔊[adjective]★★★
  隣接した（形容詞）
  The two countries share an adjacent border.
• admire🔊[verb]★★★★
  賞賛する（動詞）
  Many people admire her dedication to social justice.
• adopt🔊[verb]★★★★
  採用する、養子にする（動詞）
  The government adopted new policies to reduce pollution.
• advert🔊[noun]★★★
  広告（名詞）
  The company's advert was broadcasted during the Super Bowl.
• adverse🔊[adjective]★★★★
  悪影響のある、不利な（形容詞）
  The adverse weather conditions delayed the construction project.
• advocate🔊[verb, noun]★★★★
  主張する、擁護者（動詞・名詞）
  Environmental groups advocate for stronger climate protection laws.
• aesthetic🔊[adjective]★★★★
  美的な（形容詞）
  The aesthetic design of the building attracted international attention.
• affirm🔊[verb]★★★
  確認する、肯定する（動詞）
  The court affirmed the lower court's decision.
• afford🔊[verb]★★★★
  余裕がある、提供する（動詞）
  The city cannot afford to ignore the environmental crisis.
• aggregate🔊[verb, noun]★★★
  集計する、総計（動詞・名詞）
  The aggregate data shows a significant increase in sales.
• agile🔊[adjective]★★★
  素早い、敏捷な（形容詞）
  The company's agile approach enabled rapid product development.
• agonize🔊[verb]★★★
  苦悩する、悶える（動詞）
  She agonized over the decision for weeks before announcing it.
• agrarian🔊[adjective]★★★
  農業の（形容詞）
  The agrarian society gradually transformed into an industrial economy.
• alacrity🔊[noun]★★★
  素早さ、敏活さ（名詞）
  He responded to the emergency with alacrity and efficiency.
• align🔊[verb]★★★★
  一列に並べる、調整する（動詞）
  The company's values align with sustainability goals.
• alleviate🔊[verb]★★★★
  軽減する、緩和する（動詞）
  The new policy aims to alleviate poverty in urban areas.
• allocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  配分する、割り当てる（動詞）
  The budget was allocated to various departments based on their needs.
• ambiguous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  曖昧な、あいまいな（形容詞）
  The contract contained ambiguous language that led to disputes.
• ambivalent🔊[adjective]★★★
  相反する感情を持つ（形容詞）
  She felt ambivalent about accepting the job offer.
• amenable🔊[adjective]★★★
  従順な、応じやすい（形容詞）
  The government was amenable to suggestions for reform.
• ample🔊[adjective]★★★★
  十分な、豊富な（形容詞）
  The new office has ample space for all employees.
• analogy🔊[noun]★★★★
  類推、たとえ（名詞）
  He used an analogy to explain the complex scientific concept.
• analyze🔊[verb]★★★★★
  分析する（動詞）
  Researchers analyzed the data to identify patterns and trends.
• anchor🔊[noun, verb]★★★
  錨、固定する（名詞・動詞）
  The anchor held the ship in place during the storm.
• anecdote🔊[noun]★★★
  逸話、軽い話（名詞）
  He shared an amusing anecdote about his childhood.
• animate🔊[verb]★★★
  生き生きさせる、動かす（動詞）
  The director's passion animated the entire production team.
• annex🔊[verb, noun]★★★
  併合する、付属建物（動詞・名詞）
  The country attempted to annex the neighboring territory.
• annihilate🔊[verb]★★★
  完全に破壊する（動詞）
  The nuclear explosion annihilated the entire city.
• annuity🔊[noun]★★★
  年金、年賦金（名詞）
  She invested in an annuity to ensure financial security in retirement.
• anomaly🔊[noun]★★★★
  異常、異例（名詞）
  The unusual weather pattern was an anomaly for this region.
• anonymous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  匿名の（形容詞）
  The anonymous donation was made by a wealthy philanthropist.
• antagonism🔊[noun]★★★
  敵意、対立（名詞）
  There was clear antagonism between the two rival companies.
• antecedent🔊[adjective, noun]★★★
  先行する、先例（形容詞・名詞）
  The antecedent events led to the current political crisis.
• anthropology🔊[noun]★★★
  人類学（名詞）
  Anthropology studies human cultures and societies throughout history.
• anticipate🔊[verb]★★★★
  予想する、期待する（動詞）
  We anticipate significant growth in the next quarter.
• antique🔊[noun, adjective]★★★
  骨董品、古い（名詞・形容詞）
  The antique furniture was valued at several million dollars.
• anxiety🔊[noun]★★★★
  不安、心配（名詞）
  Economic uncertainty created widespread anxiety among investors.
• apathy🔊[noun]★★★
  無関心、無感動（名詞）
  Public apathy towards politics has increased in recent years.
• aperture🔊[noun]★★★
  開口部、レンズ絞り（名詞）
  The camera's aperture controls the amount of light entering the lens.
• apex🔊[noun]★★★★
  頂点、最頂部（名詞）
  She reached the apex of her career as CEO of the company.
• aphorism🔊[noun]★★★
  警句、格言（名詞）
  The philosopher's aphorisms were known for their wit and wisdom.
• aplomb🔊[noun]★★★
  自信、落ち着き（名詞）
  She handled the difficult interview with aplomb and poise.
• apocalypse🔊[noun]★★★
  黙示録、終末（名詞）
  Some environmentalists warn of an ecological apocalypse if action is not taken.
• appalling🔊[adjective]★★★
  恐ろしい、ぞっとする（形容詞）
  The appalling conditions in the refugee camp shocked international observers.
• apparatus🔊[noun]★★★
  装置、機構（名詞）
  The scientific apparatus required careful calibration before use.
• apparel🔊[noun]★★★
  衣料、服装（名詞）
  The formal apparel was required for the diplomatic event.
• apparent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  明白な、見かけの（形容詞）
  It became apparent that the company had mismanaged its finances.
• apparition🔊[noun]★★★
  幽霊、出現（名詞）
  Witnesses reported seeing an apparition in the old haunted house.
• appeal🔊[verb, noun]★★★★
  訴える、上訴（動詞・名詞）
  The defendant filed an appeal against the court's decision.
• appear🔊[verb]★★★★★
  現れる、見える（動詞）
  New evidence appeared during the investigation.
• appease🔊[verb]★★★
  なだめる、宥める（動詞）
  The government tried to appease angry protesters by making concessions.
• append🔊[verb]★★★
  付け加える、追加する（動詞）
  A detailed note was appended to the report.
• appendix🔊[noun]★★★
  付録、虫垂（名詞）
  The appendix of the textbook contained additional reference materials.
• appetite🔊[noun]★★★★
  食欲、欲求（名詞）
  The scandal diminished the public's appetite for political engagement.
• applaud🔊[verb]★★★
  拍手する、称賛する（動詞）
  The audience applauded the brilliant performance.
• appliance🔊[noun]★★★
  電化製品、器具（名詞）
  Modern kitchen appliances have made cooking more efficient.
• applicable🔊[adjective]★★★★
  適用できる、該当する（形容詞）
  The new regulations are applicable to all companies in the sector.
• applicant🔊[noun]★★★★
  申請者、応募者（名詞）
  The job received over five hundred applicants.
• application🔊[noun]★★★★
  申請、応用（名詞）
  The application of new technology transformed the industry.
• appoint🔊[verb]★★★★
  任命する、指定する（動詞）
  The president appointed a new cabinet minister.
• appraisal🔊[noun]★★★
  評価、鑑定（名詞）
  The property appraisal determined its market value.
• appreciate🔊[verb]★★★★
  感謝する、増加する（動詞）
  We appreciate your support during this challenging time.
• apprehend🔊[verb]★★★
  逮捕する、理解する（動詞）
  Police apprehended the suspect near the train station.
• apprehension🔊[noun]★★★
  懸念、逮捕（名詞）
  There was widespread apprehension about the economic recession.
• apprentice🔊[noun]★★★
  見習い、弟子（名詞）
  The young apprentice learned the craft from an experienced master.
• apprise🔊[verb]★★★
  知らせる、通知する（動詞）
  We apprised the board of the recent developments.
• approach🔊[verb, noun]★★★★
  近づく、接近法（動詞・名詞）
  The government's approach to healthcare reform was controversial.
• approbation🔊[noun]★★★
  承認、称賛（名詞）
  The project received approbation from the international committee.
• appropriate🔊[adjective, verb]★★★★
  適切な、盗む（形容詞・動詞）
  It is appropriate to send a thank-you note after an interview.
• appropriation🔊[noun]★★★
  横領、拠出金（名詞）
  The budget appropriation was approved by the parliament.
• approval🔊[noun]★★★★
  承認、賛成（名詞）
  The project received approval from the city council.
• approve🔊[verb]★★★★
  承認する、賛成する（動詞）
  The committee approved the funding request.
• approximate🔊[adjective, verb]★★★
  近似的な、約（形容詞・動詞）
  The approximate cost of the project is one million dollars.
• appurtenance🔊[noun]★★
  付属物、装備品（名詞）
  The property includes all appurtenances such as the garage and shed.
• aptitude🔊[noun]★★★★
  適性、才能（名詞）
  Her aptitude for mathematics was evident from an early age.
• arbitrary🔊[adjective]★★★★
  恣意的な、独裁的な（形容詞）
  The judge's arbitrary decision was later overturned on appeal.
• arbiter🔊[noun]★★★
  仲裁者、判定人（名詞）
  The UN acted as an arbiter in the international dispute.
• arcade🔊[noun]★★★
  アーケード、列柱廊下（名詞）
  The historic arcade in the city center has been recently restored.
• arcane🔊[adjective]★★★
  神秘的な、難解な（形容詞）
  The ancient manuscript contained arcane knowledge about alchemy.
• archaeology🔊[noun]★★★
  考古学（名詞）
  Archaeology has revealed much about ancient civilizations.
• archaic🔊[adjective]★★★★
  古い、時代遅れの（形容詞）
  The archaic legal terminology confused many modern readers.
• architect🔊[noun]★★★
  建築家、設計者（名詞）
  The architect designed a sustainable building using eco-friendly materials.
• archive🔊[noun]★★★
  公文書、記録（名詞）
  The historical archive contains thousands of important documents.
• ardent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  熱心な、熱烈な（形容詞）
  He was an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
• ardor🔊[noun]★★★
  熱情、情熱（名詞）
  She pursued her artistic career with great ardor.
• arduous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  困難な、苦しい（形容詞）
  The climb up the mountain was arduous but rewarding.
• advocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  主張する、支持する（動詞）
  She advocates for stricter environmental regulations.
• ambiguous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  曖昧な、不明確な（形容詞）
  The government's statement was ambiguous and left room for interpretation.
• amendment🔊[noun]★★★★
  修正、改正（名詞）
  The constitutional amendment was ratified by all states.
• anticipate🔊[verb]★★★★
  予想する、期待する（動詞）
  We anticipate that sales will increase in the next quarter.
• articulate🔊[verb]★★★★
  明確に表現する、発音する（動詞）
  The speaker articulated her ideas with great clarity.
• ascend🔊[verb]★★★★
  上昇する、昇進する（動詞）
  The president will ascend to power next month.
• assess🔊[verb]★★★★
  評価する、査定する（動詞）
  The committee will assess the impact of the new policy.
• asset🔊[noun]★★★★
  資産、有利な要素（名詞）
  Education is one of the most valuable assets a person can possess.
• assume🔊[verb]★★★★
  仮定する、引き受ける（動詞）
  We cannot assume that all customers prefer online shopping.
• attain🔊[verb]★★★★
  達成する、到達する（動詞）
  She worked hard to attain her dream of becoming a doctor.
• attribute🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  属性、特性（名詞）；～に帰する（動詞）
  The artist's unique style is an important attribute of her work.
• augment🔊[verb]★★★★
  増加させる、増強する（動詞）
  The company plans to augment its workforce by 30 percent.
• austere🔊[adjective]★★★★
  厳しい、質素な（形容詞）
  The government implemented austere economic measures.
• autonomous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  自治的な、自律した（形容詞）
  Autonomous vehicles are expected to revolutionize transportation.
• avert🔊[verb]★★★★
  回避する、そらす（動詞）
  Quick action averted a major crisis.
• bilateral🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二国間の、相互的な（形容詞）
  The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.
• blatant🔊[adjective]★★★★
  明白な、露骨な（形容詞）
  His blatant disregard for the rules was unacceptable.
• bolster🔊[verb]★★★★
  支える、強化する（動詞）
  The government's support will bolster the struggling industry.
• breach🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  違反、侵害（名詞）；破る（動詞）
  The company faced a serious data breach that affected thousands of users.
• brevity🔊[noun]★★★★
  簡潔さ、短さ（名詞）
  The editor praised the article for its brevity and clarity.
• bureaucracy🔊[noun]★★★★
  官僚制度、官僚機構（名詞）
  The new system aims to reduce bureaucracy in government.
• caliph🔊[noun]★★★
  カリフ、イスラム教の指導者（名詞）
  The caliph ruled the Islamic empire during the medieval period.
• candid🔊[adjective]★★★★
  率直な、ぶっきらぼうな（形容詞）
  She gave a candid assessment of the company's financial situation.
• capitalize🔊[verb]★★★★
  資本化する、利用する（動詞）
  The company will capitalize on the growing demand for sustainable products.
• catalyst🔊[noun]★★★★
  触媒、きっかけ（名詞）
  Social media has become a catalyst for political change.
• cease🔊[verb]★★★★
  やめる、中止する（動詞）
  The company agreed to cease all operations in that region.
• centennial🔊[noun/adjective]★★★
  100周年（名詞）；100年の（形容詞）
  The university celebrated its centennial with a series of events.
• chronicle🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  年代記、記録（名詞）；記録する（動詞）
  The historian chronicled the events of the war in great detail.
• circumvent🔊[verb]★★★★
  回避する、くぐり抜ける（動詞）
  The smugglers tried to circumvent customs regulations.
• citation🔊[noun]★★★★
  引用、引用文（名詞）
  The research paper included numerous citations from peer-reviewed journals.
• civic🔊[adjective]★★★★
  市民の、都市の（形容詞）
  Civic duties include paying taxes and voting.
• civil🔊[adjective]★★★★
  市民的な、公民的な（形容詞）
  Civil rights are fundamental to a democratic society.
• clarify🔊[verb]★★★★
  明確にする、説明する（動詞）
  The spokesperson clarified the government's position on the issue.
• coalition🔊[noun]★★★★
  連合、提携（名詞）
  Several opposition parties formed a coalition to challenge the ruling party.
• coherent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  一貫性のある、首尾一貫した（形容詞）
  The speaker presented a coherent argument for his position.
• coincide🔊[verb]★★★★
  一致する、同時に起こる（動詞）
  The conference dates coincide with the annual trade fair.
• collaborate🔊[verb]★★★★
  協力する、共同で行う（動詞）
  The two organizations will collaborate on environmental protection projects.
• colleague🔊[noun]★★★★
  同僚、仲間（名詞）
  My colleague and I are working on the same research project.
• colloquial🔊[adjective]★★★★
  日常的な、口語的な（形容詞）
  The author used colloquial language to make the book more accessible.
• commemorate🔊[verb]★★★★
  記念する、称える（動詞）
  The monument commemorates those who died in the war.
• commend🔊[verb]★★★★
  ほめる、推薦する（動詞）
  The principal commended the students for their excellent academic performance.
• commission🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  委員会、手数料（名詞）；委託する（動詞）
  The government commission investigated the causes of the accident.
• commodity🔊[noun]★★★★
  商品、物資（名詞）
  Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
• complacent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  自己満足した、慢心した（形容詞）
  The team became complacent after their initial success.
• complement🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  補完するもの（名詞）；補う（動詞）
  This wine complements the fish dish perfectly.
• comply🔊[verb]★★★★
  従う、応じる（動詞）
  All companies must comply with environmental regulations.
• comprehensive🔊[adjective]★★★★
  包括的な、広範な（形容詞）
  The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current economic situation.
• compromise🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  妥協、折衷案（名詞）；妥協する（動詞）
  Both parties reached a compromise on the controversial issue.
• concede🔊[verb]★★★★
  認める、譲歩する（動詞）
  The candidate conceded defeat in the election.
• conceive🔊[verb]★★★★
  考える、想像する（動詞）
  The architect conceived an innovative design for the building.
• concise🔊[adjective]★★★★
  簡潔な、短い（形容詞）
  Please provide a concise summary of your findings.
• concur🔊[verb]★★★★
  同意する、一致する（動詞）
  I concur with your analysis of the situation.
• condemn🔊[verb]★★★★
  非難する、有罪判決を下す（動詞）
  The international community condemned the government's human rights violations.
• condense🔊[verb]★★★★
  凝縮する、要約する（動詞）
  The editor asked the writer to condense the article.
• conduct🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  行動、振る舞い（名詞）；行う、指揮する（動詞）
  The orchestra conductor will conduct a symphony this evening.
• confederation🔊[noun]★★★
  同盟、連邦（名詞）
  The confederation of states united for mutual defense.
• confer🔊[verb]★★★★
  相談する、与える（動詞）
  The executives conferred about the merger.
• confess🔊[verb]★★★★
  告白する、認める（動詞）
  The suspect confessed to the crime.
• confidential🔊[adjective]★★★★
  機密の、秘密の（形容詞）
  The document contains confidential information.
• confine🔊[verb]★★★★
  限定する、閉じ込める（動詞）
  The patient was confined to bed due to illness.
• confirm🔊[verb]★★★★
  確認する、確定する（動詞）
  The company confirmed the announcement of the new product launch.
• confiscate🔊[verb]★★★★
  没収する、押収する（動詞）
  The customs officers confiscated the contraband goods.
• confluence🔊[noun]★★★
  合流、集合（名詞）
  The confluence of two rivers creates a powerful current.
• conform🔊[verb]★★★★
  適合する、従う（動詞）
  The building must conform to local safety standards.
• confront🔊[verb]★★★★
  直面する、対決する（動詞）
  The government must confront the rising inflation problem.
• conjecture🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  推測、推論（名詞）；推測する（動詞）
  The scientist's conjecture about the phenomenon was later proven correct.
• conjure🔊[verb]★★★
  魔法を使う、想起させる（動詞）
  The magician conjured a rabbit from the hat.
• connote🔊[verb]★★★★
  暗に示す、含む（動詞）
  The word 'freedom' connotes different meanings to different people.
• conquer🔊[verb]★★★★
  征服する、克服する（動詞）
  The general conquered the enemy territory.
• consecrate🔊[verb]★★★
  神聖視する、祝別する（動詞）
  The priest consecrated the new church.
• consecutive🔊[adjective]★★★★
  連続的な、続く（形容詞）
  The team won five consecutive matches.
• consensus🔊[noun]★★★★
  合意、意見の一致（名詞）
  There is consensus among scientists about climate change.
• consequence🔊[noun]★★★★
  結果、影響（名詞）
  The strike had serious consequences for the economy.
• consequent🔊[adjective]★★★
  結果として起こる（形容詞）
  The consequent damage from the earthquake was extensive.
• conserve🔊[verb]★★★★
  保存する、節約する（動詞）
  We must conserve natural resources for future generations.
• consider🔊[verb]★★★★
  考慮する、見なす（動詞）
  Please consider the advantages and disadvantages of both options.
• console🔊[verb]★★★★
  慰める、なぐさめる（動詞）
  Friends gathered to console the grieving family.
• consolidate🔊[verb]★★★★
  統合する、強化する（動詞）
  The company will consolidate its operations in three locations.
• consortium🔊[noun]★★★★
  企業連合、共同体（名詞）
  A consortium of banks funded the major infrastructure project.
• conspicuous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  目立つ、明白な（形容詞）
  Her absence was conspicuous at the meeting.
• conspiracy🔊[noun]★★★★
  陰謀、共謀（名詞）
  The investigation revealed a conspiracy to defraud investors.
• constrain🔊[verb]★★★★
  強制する、制限する（動詞）
  Budget constraints force the company to reduce spending.
• construct🔊[verb]★★★★
  構築する、建設する（動詞）
  The engineers constructed a new bridge across the river.
• construe🔊[verb]★★★★
  解釈する、理解する（動詞）
  His silence was construed as agreement.
• consulate🔊[noun]★★★
  領事館（名詞）
  The tourist visited the consulate to obtain a visa.
• consummate🔊[verb/adjective]★★★
  完成させる、成熟した（動詞/形容詞）
  The negotiation consummated in a binding agreement.
• consumption🔊[noun]★★★★
  消費、消費量（名詞）
  Energy consumption has increased significantly in developing countries.
• contemporary🔊[adjective/noun]★★★★
  現代的な、同時代の（形容詞/名詞）
  Contemporary art often challenges traditional aesthetics.
• contempt🔊[noun]★★★★
  軽蔑、侮蔑（名詞）
  He showed contempt for the court's decision.
• contend🔊[verb]★★★★
  主張する、争う（動詞）
  The researcher contended that the findings supported a new theory.
• content🔊[noun/adjective]★★★★
  内容、満足（名詞）；満足した（形容詞）
  The content of the article is highly informative.
• contest🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  競技、異議（名詞）；異議を唱える（動詞）
  The lawyer will contest the court's ruling.
• context🔊[noun]★★★★
  背景、文脈（名詞）
  The statement must be understood in its historical context.
• contiguous🔊[adjective]★★★
  隣接する、接触している（形容詞）
  The contiguous states form a unified market.
• continental🔊[adjective]★★★
  大陸の、大陸規模の（形容詞）
  Continental climate is characterized by extreme temperature variations.
• contingency🔊[noun]★★★★
  偶然の事態、不測の事態（名詞）
  The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
• contingent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  条件付きの、偶然的な（形容詞）
  The success of the project is contingent on adequate funding.
• continuity🔊[noun]★★★★
  連続性、継続（名詞）
  The new director ensured the continuity of the organization's mission.
• contract🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  契約、縮む（名詞/動詞）
  The employment contract outlines the terms of employment.
• contradict🔊[verb]★★★★
  矛盾する、否定する（動詞）
  The witness's testimony contradicted the earlier statements.
• abolish🔊[verb]★★★★
  廃止する（動詞）
  The government decided to abolish the outdated law.
• abstract🔊[adjective]★★★★
  抽象的な（形容詞）
  Abstract art requires viewers to interpret its meaning.
• accelerate🔊[verb]★★★★
  加速する（動詞）
  Technological innovation has accelerated economic growth.
• accommodate🔊[verb]★★★★
  対応する、収容する（動詞）
  The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
• advocate🔊[verb/noun]★★★★
  主張する、擁護する（動詞）；支持者（名詞）
  Environmental groups advocate for stricter emission standards.
• affluent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  裕福な（形容詞）
  Affluent nations have greater responsibility for climate change.
• aggregate🔊[verb/noun]★★★★
  集計する（動詞）；集計値（名詞）
  The report aggregates data from multiple sources.
• alleviate🔊[verb]★★★★
  緩和する（動詞）
  The new policy aims to alleviate poverty in rural areas.
• allocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  配分する（動詞）
  The budget allocates funds for educational research.
• ambiguous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  曖昧な（形容詞）
  The contract's ambiguous language led to legal disputes.
• amendment🔊[noun]★★★★
  改正（名詞）
  The constitutional amendment expanded voting rights.
• analogy🔊[noun]★★★★
  類推（名詞）
  He used an analogy to explain complex scientific concepts.
• analyze🔊[verb]★★★★
  分析する（動詞）
  Economists analyze market trends to predict future behavior.
• anchor🔊[verb/noun]★★★★
  固定する（動詞）；錨（名詞）
  The company's success is anchored in strong research.
• antagonism🔊[noun]★★★★
  敵意（名詞）
  Rising antagonism between nations threatens peace.
• antiquated🔊[adjective]★★★★
  時代遅れの（形容詞）
  The museum displayed antiquated farming equipment.
• arbitrary🔊[adjective]★★★★
  恣意的な（形容詞）
  The judge's arbitrary decision was overturned on appeal.
• ardent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  熱心な（形容詞）
  She is an ardent supporter of human rights.
• arduous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  困難な（形容詞）
  The arduous climb tested the mountaineers' endurance.
• articulate🔊[verb/adjective]★★★★
  明確に表現する（動詞）；明瞭な（形容詞）
  The speaker articulated the government's position clearly.
• ascertain🔊[verb]★★★★
  確認する（動詞）
  Investigators worked to ascertain the cause of the accident.
• aspiration🔊[noun]★★★★
  願望（名詞）
  His aspiration was to become a renowned scientist.
• assemble🔊[verb]★★★★
  集める、組み立てる（動詞）
  Workers assemble the components in a specific order.
• assess🔊[verb]★★★★
  評価する（動詞）
  Teachers assess student performance through various methods.
• assiduous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  勤勉な（形容詞）
  His assiduous efforts led to remarkable achievements.
• assimilate🔊[verb]★★★★
  同化する（動詞）
  Immigrants gradually assimilate into the local culture.
• assume🔊[verb]★★★★
  想定する（動詞）
  We cannot assume that all participants understood the instructions.
• astute🔊[adjective]★★★★
  賢い、鋭い（形容詞）
  The astute businessman recognized the market opportunity.
• atheism🔊[noun]★★★★
  無神論（名詞）
  Atheism is practiced by millions of people worldwide.
• atrocity🔊[noun]★★★★
  残虐行為（名詞）
  The war crimes tribunal investigated atrocities committed during the conflict.
• attain🔊[verb]★★★★
  達成する（動詞）
  Students worked hard to attain their academic goals.
• attenuate🔊[verb]★★★★
  弱める（動詞）
  The medication helps attenuate the symptoms.
• attest🔊[verb]★★★★
  証明する（動詞）
  His credentials attest to his expertise in neuroscience.
• attribute🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  属性（名詞）；帰する（動詞）
  We attribute the company's success to strong leadership.
• audacious🔊[adjective]★★★★
  大胆な（形容詞）
  The audacious plan to revolutionize the industry surprised everyone.
• augment🔊[verb]★★★★
  増やす（動詞）
  The company augmented its workforce to meet increased demand.
• austere🔊[adjective]★★★★
  厳格な（形容詞）
  The austere economic policies caused public discontent.
• authenticate🔊[verb]★★★★
  認証する（動詞）
  Experts authenticate ancient artifacts using scientific methods.
• authorize🔊[verb]★★★★
  認可する（動詞）
  The board authorized the director to proceed with the project.
• autonomy🔊[noun]★★★★
  自律、自治（名詞）
  The region fought for political autonomy from central government.
• auxiliary🔊[adjective]★★★★
  補助的な（形容詞）
  The auxiliary power system ensures continuous operation during outages.
• avail🔊[verb]★★★★
  役に立つ（動詞）
  The warning did not avail in preventing the disaster.
• avarice🔊[noun]★★★★
  貪欲さ（名詞）
  The CEO's avarice led to unethical business practices.
• aversion🔊[noun]★★★★
  嫌悪（名詞）
  She developed an aversion to public speaking after a bad experience.
• avid🔊[adjective]★★★★
  熱心な（形容詞）
  He is an avid reader of scientific journals.
• avow🔊[verb]★★★★
  明言する（動詞）
  The politician avowed his commitment to environmental protection.
• awry🔊[adjective]★★★★
  ねじ曲がった（形容詞）
  The plan went awry when the key witness failed to appear.
• axiom🔊[noun]★★★★
  公理（名詞）
  The mathematical axiom forms the basis for the entire theory.
• babel🔊[noun]★★★★
  混乱、喧騒（名詞）
  The conference room was a babel of different languages.
• baffle🔊[verb]★★★★
  困惑させる（動詞）
  The mysterious disease baffled medical researchers.
• baleful🔊[adjective]★★★★
  悪意のある（形容詞）
  The dictator's baleful gaze intimidated the crowd.
• ballast🔊[noun]★★★★
  バラスト、安定材（名詞）
  Education serves as ballast for democratic society.
• balm🔊[noun]★★★★
  軟膏、慰め（名詞）
  His kind words were a balm to her wounded heart.
• banal🔊[adjective]★★★★
  ありきたりの（形容詞）
  The movie's banal plot failed to engage the audience.
• banish🔊[verb]★★★★
  追放する（動詞）
  The athlete was banished from the sport for doping violations.
• baptism🔊[noun]★★★★
  洗礼（名詞）
  The baptism ceremony marked the child's entry into the faith.
• bargain🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  取引（名詞）；値引きして買う（動詞）
  They made a bargain to settle the dispute amicably.
• barter🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  物々交換（名詞）；物々交換する（動詞）
  In ancient times, people would barter goods instead of using money.
• base🔊[noun/adjective]★★★★
  基礎（名詞）；根拠のない（形容詞）
  The study is based on a large sample size.
• bastion🔊[noun]★★★★
  要塞、砦（名詞）
  The university has been a bastion of free speech.
• bauble🔊[noun]★★★★
  安物の装飾品（名詞）
  The dictator's palace was filled with expensive baubles.
• bawdy🔊[adjective]★★★★
  下品な（形容詞）
  The bawdy humor in the play offended some audience members.
• beacon🔊[noun]★★★★
  灯台、しるべ（名詞）
  The lighthouse beacon guided ships safely to harbor.
• beleaguer🔊[verb]★★★★
  悩ませる（動詞）
  The company is beleaguered by financial difficulties.
• belie🔊[verb]★★★★
  矛盾する（動詞）
  His cheerful demeanor belied his deep inner sadness.
• bellicose🔊[adjective]★★★★
  好戦的な（形容詞）
  The bellicose rhetoric increased international tensions.
• benevolence🔊[noun]★★★★
  慈悲（名詞）
  The philanthropist's benevolence transformed many lives.
• benign🔊[adjective]★★★★
  良性の（形制詞）
  Fortunately, the tumor proved to be benign.
• bequeath🔊[verb]★★★★
  遺贈する（動詞）
  He bequeathed his entire estate to his children.
• bereft🔊[adjective]★★★★
  奪われた（形容詞）
  The city was bereft of its cultural heritage after the war.
• beseech🔊[verb]★★★★
  懇願する（動詞）
  The refugees beseeched the government for humanitarian aid.
• beset🔊[verb]★★★★
  悩ませる（動詞）
  The project has been beset by unforeseen difficulties.
• bias🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  偏見（名詞）；偏らせる（動詞）
  The judge's personal bias affected the court decision.
• bibliography🔊[noun]★★★★
  参考文献一覧（名詞）
  The research paper includes an extensive bibliography.
• bilateral🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二国間の（形容詞）
  The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.
• bilingual🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二言語に堪能な（形容詞）
  Bilingual education helps students maintain their heritage language.
• bilk🔊[verb]★★★★
  詐欺で奪う（動詞）
  The fraudster bilked investors of millions of dollars.
• bipartisan🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二大政党による（形容詞）
  Bipartisan support was crucial for passing the legislation.
• bizarre🔊[adjective]★★★★
  奇異な（形容詞）
  The artist's bizarre installations challenged conventional aesthetics.
• blasphemy🔊[noun]★★★★
  冒涜（名詞）
  Some religious groups considered the film's content blasphemy.
• blatant🔊[adjective]★★★★
  あからさまな（形容詞）
  The blatant violation of human rights sparked international outrage.
• bleak🔊[adjective]★★★★
  荒涼とした（形容詞）
  The economic outlook appears bleak for the next fiscal year.
• blemish🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  欠点（名詞）；傷つける（動詞）
  The scandal left a permanent blemish on his reputation.
• bliss🔊[noun]★★★★
  至福（名詞）
  Ignorance is bliss, as the saying goes.
• bloat🔊[verb]★★★★
  膨張させる（動詞）
  Government spending has bloated to unprecedented levels.
• blunt🔊[adjective/verb]★★★★
  率直な（形容詞）；先端を丸くする（動詞）
  His blunt assessment of the situation shocked everyone.
• blur🔊[verb/noun]★★★★
  ぼかす（動詞）；ぼやけ（名詞）
  The rapid changes blur the line between tradition and modernity.
• blustery🔊[adjective]★★★★
  荒々しい（形容詞）
  The blustery politician's words lacked substance.
• boast🔊[verb]★★★★
  自慢する（動詞）
  The company boasts a 50-year track record of excellence.
• bogus🔊[adjective]★★★★
  偽りの（形容詞）
  The document was revealed to be bogus.
• boisterous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  荒っぽい（形容詞）
  The boisterous crowd at the concert was difficult to control.
• bolster🔊[verb]★★★★
  支援する（動詞）
  The new evidence bolsters the prosecution's case.
• bolus🔊[noun]★★★★
  丸剤（名詞）
  The doctor prescribed a bolus of medication to stabilize the patient.
• bombast🔊[noun]★★★★
  大げさな表現（名詞）
  The speech was full of bombast but lacked concrete proposals.
• bonanza🔊[noun]★★★★
  思わぬ幸運（名詞）
  The discovery of oil created a bonanza for the nation.
• bone🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  骨（名詞）；骨を取る（動詞）
  She boned the fish before serving it.
• bonhomie🔊[noun]★★★★
  温厚さ（名詞）
  The host's bonhomie made all guests feel welcome.
• bonny🔊[adjective]★★★★
  美しい（形容詞）
  The Scottish lass was considered quite bonny.
• bookmark🔊[noun]★★★★
  しおり（名詞）
  He used a bookmark to mark his place in the novel.
• boom🔊[noun]★★★★
  急成長（名詞）；大きな音（名詞）
  The tech industry experienced a boom in the 1990s.
• advocate🔊[verb]★★★★
  主張する、支持する（動詞）
  Environmental groups advocate for stricter regulations on carbon emissions.
• ambiguous🔊[adjective]★★★★
  曖昧な、不明確な（形容詞）
  The government's statement was ambiguous and left many questions unanswered.
• analyze🔊[verb]★★★★
  分析する（動詞）
  Economists analyze market trends to predict future economic growth.
• apparent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  明らかな、見た目の（形容詞）
  It became apparent that the company had hidden the financial problems from investors.
• arbitrary🔊[adjective]★★★★
  恣意的な、独断的な（形容詞）
  The judge's decision was criticized as arbitrary and lacking legal justification.
• assess🔊[verb]★★★★
  評価する、査定する（動詞）
  The committee will assess the environmental impact of the new construction project.
• assimilate🔊[verb]★★★
  同化する、吸収する（動詞）
  Immigrant communities often work to assimilate while maintaining their cultural identity.
• augment🔊[verb]★★★
  増加させる、補強する（動詞）
  The government plans to augment its military budget to strengthen national defense.
• autonomy🔊[noun]★★★★
  自治、自立性（名詞）
  The region demanded greater autonomy in managing its own economic and political affairs.
• avert🔊[verb]★★★
  回避する、よける（動詞）
  Quick action by firefighters helped avert a major disaster in the city center.
• bias🔊[noun]★★★★
  偏見、偏り（名詞）
  The media's bias toward sensational stories undermines public trust in journalism.
• bilateral🔊[adjective]★★★★
  二国間の、相互の（形容詞）
  The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement to promote economic cooperation.
• blur🔊[verb]★★★
  ぼやける、不明確にする（動詞）
  Technological advancement has blurred the lines between work and personal life.
• breach🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  違反、侵害（名詞・動詞）
  The data breach exposed millions of customers' personal information to hackers.
• brilliant🔊[adjective]★★★
  輝く、素晴らしい（形容詞）
  The scientist's brilliant discovery revolutionized our understanding of quantum physics.
• bureaucracy🔊[noun]★★★★
  官僚制度、役所手続き（名詞）
  The complicated bureaucracy delayed the approval of the development project by several months.
• catalyst🔊[noun]★★★★
  触媒、促進要因（名詞）
  The economic crisis served as a catalyst for major political reforms in the country.
• cater🔊[verb]★★★
  対応する、ふさわしくする（動詞）
  The restaurant caters to customers with various dietary preferences and restrictions.
• censure🔊[verb]★★★
  厳しく非難する（動詞）
  The international community censured the government for its human rights violations.
• chronicle🔊[noun/verb]★★★
  記録する、年代記（名詞・動詞）
  The documentary chronicles the life of a famous artist from childhood to old age.
• circumscribe🔊[verb]★★★
  制限する、範囲を定める（動詞）
  New regulations circumscribe the power of large corporations in financial markets.
• cite🔊[verb]★★★★
  引用する、挙げる（動詞）
  The professor cited several academic studies to support her controversial thesis.
• civic🔊[adjective]★★★
  市民の、公民的な（形容詞）
  Citizens have a civic duty to participate in democratic processes and voting.
• coherent🔊[adjective]★★★★
  一貫した、まとまりのある（形容詞）
  The politician's speech was coherent and presented a clear vision for the country's future.
• collaborate🔊[verb]★★★★
  協力する、共同で行う（動詞）
  Scientists from different countries collaborate to find a cure for the disease.
• commodity🔊[noun]★★★★
  商品、日用品（名詞）
  Oil and natural gas are commodities whose prices fluctuate based on global supply and demand.
• compatible🔊[adjective]★★★
  相容れる、互換性のある（形容詞）
  The new software is compatible with older operating systems, making it easier for users to upgrade.
• compensate🔊[verb]★★★★
  補償する、代償する（動詞）
  The company decided to compensate customers affected by the product recall.
• compile🔊[verb]★★★
  編集する、収集する（動詞）
  Researchers compile data from thousands of studies to analyze global warming trends.
• complement🔊[verb]★★★
  補足する、完全にする（動詞）
  Fresh vegetables complement the grilled fish to create a balanced and nutritious meal.
• comprehensive🔊[adjective]★★★★
  包括的な、広範な（形容詞）
  The government introduced comprehensive healthcare reform to improve access to medical services.
• compromise🔊[verb]★★★★
  妥協する、危うくする（動詞）
  The two parties reached a compromise after weeks of tense negotiations.
• concede🔊[verb]★★★
  認める、譲歩する（動詞）
  The losing candidate conceded defeat and congratulated his opponent.
• concentrate🔊[verb]★★★★
  集中する、濃縮する（動詞）
  The company decided to concentrate its resources on developing new technology.
• concise🔊[adjective]★★★
  簡潔な、要点をまとめた（形容詞）
  The executive summary provided a concise overview of the 200-page report.
• concurrent🔊[adjective]★★★
  同時の、同時に起こる（形容詞）
  The nation faced several concurrent crises including economic recession and political instability.
• condemn🔊[verb]★★★★
  非難する、死刑を宣告する（動詞）
  International organizations condemned the military coup as a violation of democratic principles.
• conducive🔊[adjective]★★★
  有利な、助長する（形容詞）
  A quiet environment is conducive to concentration and productive work.
• confound🔊[verb]★★★
  困惑させる、混同する（動詞）
  The unexpected results of the experiment confounded the researchers' initial hypothesis.
• congestion🔊[noun]★★★
  混雑、うっ滞（名詞）
  Urban congestion has worsened due to increased vehicle traffic and lack of public transportation.
• conjecture🔊[noun/verb]★★★
  推測する、推測（名詞・動詞）
  The detective's conjecture about the suspect's motive proved to be correct.
• conservative🔊[adjective]★★★★
  保守的な、控えめな（形容詞）
  The bank took a conservative approach to investment, preferring stable returns over high-risk options.
• consolidate🔊[verb]★★★★
  統合する、巩固する（動詞）
  The company plans to consolidate its operations by merging several regional offices.
• conspicuous🔊[adjective]★★★
  目立つ、顕著な（形容詞）
  The building's conspicuous design made it a landmark in the city skyline.
• constrain🔊[verb]★★★★
  制限する、抑制する（動詞）
  Budget constraints forced the government to reduce spending on education and healthcare.
• construct🔊[verb]★★★★
  構築する、建設する（動詞）
  Engineers construct bridges using advanced materials and innovative design techniques.
• consume🔊[verb]★★★★
  消費する、食べる（動詞）
  Developed nations consume significantly more energy resources than developing countries.
• contempt🔊[noun]★★★
  軽蔑、侮蔑（名詞）
  The lawyer's contempt for evidence was evident in his dismissal of crucial documents.
• contend🔊[verb]★★★★
  主張する、競う（動詞）
  Environmental scientists contend that climate change requires immediate global action.
• contingent🔊[adjective]★★★
  条件付きの、或る事象に応じた（形容詞）
  The job offer was contingent upon passing a background check.
• contrive🔊[verb]★★★
  工夫する、計画する（動詞）
  The authors contrived an elaborate plot to surprise readers with an unexpected twist.
• convene🔊[verb]★★★
  招集する、開く（動詞）
  The board of directors convened an emergency meeting to address the financial crisis.
• convergence🔊[noun]★★★
  収束、集中（名詞）
  The convergence of technology and art has created new forms of creative expression.
• conversant🔊[adjective]★★★
  精通した、通じた（形容詞）
  The consultant is conversant in multiple languages and familiar with international business practices.
• convict🔊[verb/noun]★★★★
  有罪とする、受刑者（動詞・名詞）
  The jury convicted the defendant of fraud after deliberating for three days.
• copious🔊[adjective]★★★
  豊富な、大量の（形容詞）
  The research paper included copious notes and references to support its arguments.
• cordial🔊[adjective]★★★
  心からの、親切な（形容詞）
  The host extended a cordial welcome to all international guests at the conference.
• correlate🔊[verb]★★★★
  関連付ける、相互関係がある（動詞）
  Studies correlate high sugar consumption with increased risk of obesity and diabetes.
• corrode🔊[verb]★★★
  腐食する、さびさせる（動詞）
  Salt water gradually corrodes metal surfaces on ships and offshore structures.
• cosmopolitan🔊[adjective]★★★
  国際的な、世界的な（形容詞）
  New York City is known as a cosmopolitan metropolis with diverse cultures and communities.
• covenant🔊[noun]★★★
  契約、盟約（名詞）
  The international covenant on human rights binds signatory nations to protect fundamental freedoms.
• coveted🔊[adjective]★★★
  望ましい、熱望された（形容詞）
  The Nobel Prize is one of the most coveted awards in science and literature.
• credulity🔊[noun]★★★
  軽信、信じやすさ（名詞）
  The scammer exploited the victim's credulity to convince him to invest in a fraudulent scheme.
• credential🔊[noun]★★★★
  資格、証状（名詞）
  The doctor presented her credentials to verify her medical qualifications and experience.
• credible🔊[adjective]★★★★
  信じられる、信用できる（形容詞）
  The witness provided credible testimony that helped convict the defendant.
• critique🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  批評する、評論（名詞・動詞）
  The film critic wrote a scathing critique of the movie's weak plot and poor acting.
• crucial🔊[adjective]★★★★
  決定的な、重大な（形容詞）
  The discovery of new evidence was crucial in overturning the wrongful conviction.
• culminate🔊[verb]★★★
  最高潮に達する、頂点に達する（動詞）
  The director's career culminated in winning the Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival.
• cumulative🔊[adjective]★★★
  累積の、累積による（形容詞）
  The cumulative effect of pollution has damaged the ecosystem beyond repair.
• currency🔊[noun]★★★★
  通貨、流通（名詞）
  The country's currency weakened against the dollar, making imports more expensive.
• curtail🔊[verb]★★★★
  制限する、減らす（動詞）
  The government curtailed freedom of speech through strict censorship laws.
• cynical🔊[adjective]★★★
  皮肉な、冷笑的な（形容詞）
  The politician's cynical remarks about public welfare programs alienated many voters.
• debacle🔊[noun]★★★
  大失敗、惨敗（名詞）
  The company's product launch was a complete debacle due to technical failures and poor marketing.
• debase🔊[verb]★★★
  価値を下げる、貶める（動詞）
  Corruption debase the integrity of government institutions and public trust.
• deception🔊[noun]★★★★
  詐欺、偽り（名詞）
  The company's deception about product safety led to lawsuits and loss of consumer trust.
• deciduous🔊[adjective]★★★
  落葉の、落ちやすい（形容詞）
  Deciduous forests lose their leaves in autumn and enter a dormant period.
• decimate🔊[verb]★★★
  大きく減少させる、壊滅させる（動詞）
  The disease decimated the population of endangered species in the region.
• decode🔊[verb]★★★
  解読する、デコードする（動詞）
  Linguists decode ancient languages to understand civilizations that existed thousands of years ago.
• decree🔊[noun/verb]★★★
  命令する、布告（名詞・動詞）
  The king decreed that all citizens must follow the new religious laws.
• deduce🔊[verb]★★★★
  推演する、推測する（動詞）
  From the evidence, detectives deduced that the crime was carefully planned.
• deem🔊[verb]★★★★
  ~と見なす、判断する（動詞）
  The court deemed the evidence inadmissible and excluded it from the trial.
• defamation🔊[noun]★★★
  名誉棄損、中傷（名詞）
  The celebrity sued the newspaper for defamation after they published false stories about his private life.
• default🔊[noun/verb]★★★★
  約定不履行、初期設定（名詞・動詞）
  The company defaulted on its loan payments, leading to bankruptcy proceedings.
• defiant🔊[adjective]★★★
  反抗的な、挑戦的な（形容詞）
  The activist took a defiant stance against government policies despite threats of arrest.
• defile🔊[verb]★★★
  汚す、けがす（動詞）
  The vandals defiled the historic monument with graffiti and paint.